Hi Sumo Kids,
I sent you powerpoints through email. The first is the computer powerpoint about flowcharts. Although I copy pasted it (pls see below), it is hard to understand because the powerpoint has shapes and symbols (since it is about flowcharting) and I cannot copy paste them here. Please just check your emails, ok? The other powerpoint I attached was my report a while ago on the culture of Japan so you can see the pictures and complete your notes about it.
So, there. Hope you will understand. Thank you so so much!
Alleana (",)
~*~FLOWCHART~*~
PROGRAM LOGIC FORMULATION
*What is a Flowchart?
Flowchart is considered as the most popular tool in logic formulation.
: it represents the pictorial solution of the problem.
: it is the basic tool of programming analysis.
:charts also aid in communication, provide a valuable documentation support and contribute to a more efficient coding and program maintenance and documentation.
*Two Types of Flowchart:
System Flowchart: shows the general transformation of inputs into its output form.
Program Flowchart: shows the detailed steps/procedure of the solution of the problem.
*Example of System Flowchart:
STD-FLE: is the INPUT file - Student File.
IBM-PC: Is the PROCESSor.
PRT-FLE: is the OUTPUT file - Print File (Document)
*Data Processing Cycle:
INPUT: machine-readable form.
PROCESS: operations performed on gathered data.
OUTPUT: human-readable form.
*Problem : Make a program that will compute for the sum of three numbers
*ALGORITHM
Given: three numbers (INPUT)
A, B, C
Required: sum of three numbers (OUTPUT)
S
Solution: Sum = 1st # + 2nd # + 3rd # (PROCESS)
S = A + B + C
***Program Flowcharting Symbols:
*Terminal : Denotes the beginning and end of an algorithm.
*Parallelogram: Input or output operations.
*Process Symbol: Rectangle
Two Forms To Represent a Process:
~Macroinstruction
Eg.Add A, B, C Giving S
~Assignment Statement
eg. S = A + B + C
*Decision Symbol: Must be answerable by YES or NO or TRUE or FALSE.
*Flowlines: Use to connect all the symbols.
*Arrowheads: Show direction; being used together with flowlines.
*Preparation Symbol: Hexagon
It is being used to denote a pre-process usually an initialization.
*Small pentagon: Off - Page Connector
***CONNECTORS
On-page - Shows continuation of the program on the same page
Off-page - Interconnects the parts of the program on separate pages
*RULES IN NAMING VARIABLES:
1. It must start with an alphabetic character or an underscore (_).
2. It can contain letters, numbers and an underscore (_) for space.
3. It should not exceed 127 characters.
4. It should not contain any special character and a space.
*General Notations in Flowcharting and Programming
Mathematical
+ addition
- subtraction
* multiplication
/ division
^ exponentiation
( )grouping
Relational
= equal to
< > not equal to
< less than
> greater than
<= less than or equal to
>= greater than or equal to
*Logical Operators
1. && :Logical AND
if (ACAD >= 90) && (CNDCT > = 87)
2. | | :Logical OR
if (CNDCT= = “BP”) | | (CNDCT = = “Bp)
3. ! :Logical NOT
if (CODE ! = ‘A’)
*Structured Programming has three control structures:
1. SEQUENCE
Input-Process-Output
2. SELECTION
Input-Condition-Process-Output
3. ITERATION
Input-Loop-Process-Output
